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#Race

82 entries

People (22)
Barack Obama
44th President of the United States, 2009–2017
Benjamin Banneker
Self-taught astronomer, mathematician, and the first Black man to receive a presidential appointment
Booker T. Washington
Educator, founder of Tuskegee Institute, and architect of the Atlanta Compromise
Dred Scott
Enslaved man whose lawsuit for freedom produced the Supreme Court's most condemned decision
Fannie Lou Hamer
Sharecropper, Voting Rights Activist, and Voice of the Mississippi Freedom Movement, 1917–1977
Frederick Douglass
Abolitionist, orator, and the 19th century's most powerful voice against American slavery
Huey Newton
Co-founder of the Black Panther Party and Revolutionary of the Black Power Era, 1942–1989
Ida B. Wells
Journalist, anti-lynching crusader, and one of the founders of the NAACP
Jackie Robinson
The Man Who Broke Baseball's Color Line, 1919–1972
James Baldwin
Novelist and essayist who bore witness to race in America with unmatched clarity
Jesse Owens
Four Gold Medals at Hitler's Olympics, 1913–1980
Jim Thorpe
The Native American athlete often called the greatest of the 20th century
Joe Louis
The heavyweight champion whose 1938 fight became a battle of nations
Langston Hughes
Poet, Playwright, and Voice of the Harlem Renaissance
Madam C.J. Walker
The washerwoman who built a beauty empire and a Black fortune
Malcolm X
The civil rights era's most uncompromising voice for Black self-determination and human dignity
Martin Luther King Jr.
Baptist minister who led the American civil rights movement
Medgar Evers
NAACP Field Secretary in Mississippi, Assassinated June 12, 1963
Muhammad Ali
The champion who refused the draft and became a global symbol of conscience
Rosa Parks
Civil rights activist whose 1955 arrest sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Thurgood Marshall
The lawyer who dismantled segregation in court and became the first Black Supreme Court Justice
W.E.B. Du Bois
Sociologist, co-founder of the NAACP, and theorist of Black identity in America
Places (3)
Angel Island
The Pacific gateway where arrival often meant detention, not welcome
Atlanta
The phoenix city of the New South, rebuilt from Sherman's ashes into a regional capital
Detroit
The Motor City that built America's middle class and paid the price of its collapse
Eras (2)
Civil Rights Era
The 14 years of legislation, protest, and federal action that dismantled legal segregation, 1954–1968
Reconstruction
The unfinished project of rebuilding the South and remaking American citizenship, 1865–1877
Events (22)
American Civil War
The 1861–1865 war over slavery and union that remade the nation
Assassination of Malcolm X
The 1965 killing of a defining voice of Black radicalism
Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
The 1968 killing that convulsed the nation and the movement
Civil Rights Movement
The decades-long struggle that dismantled legal segregation and reshaped American democracy
Election of 2008
Barack Obama defeats John McCain to become the first Black president
Fort Pillow Massacre
The Confederate Slaughter of Black Union Soldiers, April 12, 1864
Freedmen's Bureau
The federal agency that tried — and was not allowed — to secure Black Americans' freedom
Internment of Japanese Americans
The forced relocation of 120,000 Japanese Americans during World War II
Juneteenth
June 19, 1865 — the day freedom finally arrived in Texas, and the holiday it became
Los Angeles Riots (1992)
Six days of urban unrest following the acquittal of officers who beat Rodney King
March on Washington
The August 1963 demonstration where 250,000 Americans demanded civil rights — and heard a dream
Montgomery Bus Boycott
The 381-day protest that launched the modern civil rights movement
Murder of George Floyd
The 2020 killing that triggered a global racial-justice reckoning
Nat Turner's Rebellion
The 1831 slave rebellion that terrified the South and hardened the institution it challenged
New York Draft Riots
The deadliest civil insurrection in American history, ignited by the inequities of the Civil War draft
Selma to Montgomery Marches
The 1965 voting rights marches that broke open the conscience of a nation
The Birth of a Nation
D.W. Griffith's 1915 epic — cinematic landmark and racist propaganda
The Freedom Rides
The 1961 campaign that put civil rights on buses and forced the federal government to act
The Great Migration
The movement of six million Black Americans from the South to the North and West, 1910–1970
The Harlem Renaissance
The explosion of Black art, literature, and music that redefined American culture, 1920–1940
The O.J. Simpson Trial
The 1995 "trial of the century" that exposed America's racial divide
Watts Riots
Six Days of Uprising That Redefined the Civil Rights Movement, 1965
Documents (16)
Brown v. Board of Education
The 1954 Supreme Court ruling that declared school segregation unconstitutional
Chinese Exclusion Act
The First Federal Law to Bar Immigration by Race, 1882
Civil Rights Act of 1866
The first federal law to define American citizenship and guarantee equal rights regardless of race
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Reconstruction's promise of equal public life — struck down 89 years before it could be replaced
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The landmark law that banned discrimination and made legal segregation a federal crime
Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Fair Housing Act — Passed One Week After King's Assassination
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The 1857 Supreme Court ruling that declared Black Americans had no constitutional rights
Fifteenth Amendment
The 1870 amendment that prohibited denying the vote on the basis of race
Fourteenth Amendment
The 1868 amendment that defined citizenship and guaranteed equal protection under the law
I Have a Dream
Martin Luther King Jr. at the March on Washington, August 28, 1963
Immigration Act of 1924
The Johnson-Reed Act That Closed America's Door by Race and Nation
Korematsu v. United States
The 1944 ruling that upheld Japanese American internment — and was later repudiated
Loving v. Virginia
The 1967 ruling that struck down bans on interracial marriage
Plessy v. Ferguson
The 1896 Supreme Court ruling that made "separate but equal" the law of the land
Twenty-fourth Amendment
The abolition of the poll tax in federal elections
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The law that finally enforced the 15th Amendment — nearly a century after its ratification
Concepts (11)
Affirmative Action
The Six-Decade Legal and Political Battle Over Race-Conscious Remediation
American Slavery
The institution that built the republic's wealth, defined its politics, and nearly destroyed the nation
Black Lives Matter
The movement against racism and police violence born of a hashtag
Black Power
A movement demanding Black self-determination, pride, and political independence
Equal Protection
The Fourteenth Amendment guarantee that government must treat similarly situated people equally under the law
Jim Crow Laws
The system of racial segregation that governed the South from Reconstruction to the 1960s
Native American History
The nations who were here first — conquest, removal, and a story of survival
Nativism
The recurring American belief that immigrants threaten the national character
Segregation
The Legal and Social System That Enforced Racial Separation Across American Life
The Lost Cause
The Confederate mythology that rewrote the Civil War — and shaped a century of American race relations
The Middle Passage
The brutal Atlantic crossing that carried millions into American slavery
Organizations (6)
The Black Panther Party
The armed revolutionary movement for Black liberation, 1966–1982
The Ku Klux Klan
The white-supremacist terror movement that rose, fell, and rose again
The NAACP
The civil rights organization that fought segregation in the courts, founded 1909
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Martin Luther King's engine of the nonviolent civil rights movement, 1957
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
The young radicals who put their bodies on the line for civil rights, 1960
Tuskegee Institute
Booker T. Washington's school for Black self-reliance, founded 1881
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